A Comparative Study of Conventional and Agroecological Farming Practices

The agricultural model based on the Green Revolution and the growing impacts of climate change have significantly increased the global risk of food insecurity. In this context, there is a growing realization that the existing farming system alone cannot transform the entire food system into one that is sustainable and inclusive. Consequently, efforts have begun worldwide to explore alternative approaches. Numerous international studies and research initiatives have identified agroecological farming as one of the most effective approaches for addressing the crises created by the prevailing agricultural system while strengthening the resilience and self-reliance of farming systems. In Nepal, however, limited research and evidence on agroecological farming have made it difficult for policymakers and farmers to fully recognize its potential and support its wider adoption. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare conventional and agroecological farming practices, document their respective strengths and limitations, and generate evidence to support the promotion and expansion of agroecological farming systems in Nepal. The study was carried out in close collaboration with leading farmers, whose knowledge and practical experiences formed an integral part of the research process. This publication has been prepared by Srijana Poudel, with Sarda Thapa and Dipesh Nepal serving as the authors of the comparative study, whose research and analysis contributed to the evidence presented in this document.